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Background: The technique of Microscopy has been applied for identification of ChineseMateriaMedica(CMM)since decades.However, very few scientific publications report the combination of conventional microscopy and high performance liquid chromatograpy (HPLC) technique for further application to quality assessment of CMM.Objective: To analyze the quality of Farfarae Flos (kuandonghua) and to establish the relationships between four main bioactive constituents including tussilagone,chlorogenic acid, rutin, isoquercitrin and quantity of pollen grains.Materials and Methods: In this study, microscopy and HPLC techniques were applied to assess the quality of Faffarae Flos, and SPSS software was used to establish the relationship between microscopic characteristic constants and chemical components.Results: The results showed close and direct correlations between the quantity of pollen grain in Farfarae Flos and the contents of tussilagone, chlorogenic acid, rutin and isoquercitrin.From these results, it can be deduced that Farfarae Flos with a higher quantity of pollen grains should be of better quality.Conclusion: The study proved that the established method can be helpful for evaluating the quality of Farfarae Flos based upon the microscopic characteristic constants and quantitation of chemical.