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Neuropilin-1 (Nrp1) has recently been implicated in the regulation of CD4 T-cell immune responses in experimental autoimmune encephalitis.However, whether Nrp1 plays a role in T cell mediated allograft rejection remains unclear.In this study we for the first time investigate the regulatory effects of Nrp1 +T cells both in vitro and in vivo.We observed that Nrp1+ T cells markedly suppressed the proliferation of alloreactive splenocytes, starting at 1∶4 ratios, with a suppressive property as potent as CD4+CD25+Treg cells (P < 0.05 for Nrpl+ T cells, P < 0.01 for CD4+CD25+ T cells).