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Background Caveolin-1 (cav-1) is the major coat protein responsible for caveolae assembly,regulating signaling via protein-protein interactions with resident caveolar proteins,but its biological mechanism in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is still unclear.The aim of this study was to evaluate the role of cav-1 on VSMCs proliferation and the neointimal formation in balloon injured rat carotid artery.