Objective To summarize the application of anticoagulant in cardiac surgical treatment and the rational drug usage.Method Analyzing and summarizing related articles by document retrieval used to learn the mechanism, treatment method, drug risk and rational usage ofperioperative, coronary heart disease and post-valve replacement with Heparin (UFH), Low molecular Heparin(LMWH), Aspirin and Warfarin as the main research object.Result & Conclusion Anticoagulant mainly used for cardiac surgical treatment in coronary heart disease, post-valve replacement and perioperative anticoagulant therapy.The therapeutic effect of anticoagulant is definite but the bleeding and other associated risk are existed as well.In perioperative period, it is recommended that one day before operation gives UFH in vein, use 3mg/kg UFH for extracorporeal circulation operation and use UFH or LMWH after operation.Application of 75-125mg/d Aspirin to the patients after CABG can reduce thrombosis and increase grafts flow rate.Application of warfarin for the patients after heart valve replacement can prevent thrombosis effectively, but anticoagulation intensity remains controversial.