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Cell surface carbohydrates play an important role in cell-cell adhesion and communication.Several models for cell interactions based on carbohydrates have been proposed.Recent advances in glycobiology revealed the existence of biologically significant carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions,and this type of interaction could have a general,fundamental character for cell biology.A typical example is the report of Hakomori who proposed that carbohydrate-carbohydrate interaction is responsible for the initial step of cell adhesion.Embryogenesis,metastasis,and other proliferation processes are,according to Hakomori,mediated by carbohydrate-carbohydrate interactions.