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Air pollution associated with atmospheric particulate matter (PM10,PM2.5 and PM0.1) is a serious problem in Taiwan.To provide a better understanding of source contributions,PM10,PM2.5 and PM0.1 samples were collected simultaneously over a 24-h period during May 2011 to November 2011 at three different air monitors (Zhongshan,Shinjung,Jhudong) in Taiwan.Samples were analyzed for 17 metallic trace elements (Al,Fe,Na,Mg,K,Ca,Ba,Ti,Mn,Cu,Zn,Pb,V and Cr),the ionic compounds (F-,Cl-,? 3 NO,? 4 SO,+ 4 NH ).The average PM10 concentrations were found to be 37.46±10.73 μg/m3 in Zhongshan,39.45±11.58 μg/m3 in Shinjung and 32.15±12.02 μg/m3 in Jhudong,the PM2.5 concentrations were 24.44±8.01 μg/m3,21.82±7.50 μg/m3 and 12.91±5.67 μg/m3,respectively and PM0.1 mass concentrations were 1.37±0.57 μg/m3,1.42±0.56 μg/m3 and 0.7±0.40 μg/m3 respectively for the three stations.Positive Matrix Factorization (EPA-PMF3.0) was applied to these data sets to identify the possible sources.A total of five source types were identified to be important which include: soil dust,vehicle exhaust,marine aerosols,industrial pollution and secondary aerosols.Conditional probability function (CPF) analysis was performed to identify local source as well as remote source regions affecting the monitoring stations.Results of our study suggest contending relationships between anthropogenic and natural source profiles over three monitoring stations which depend on PM types and locations of the receptors.