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Aim:We generated rats with severe liver damage caused by obstructive jaundice model, Thirty-six male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into three groups: obstructive jaundice group, embryonic stem cell group, embryonic stem cell combined exercise group, HE staining of liver cell morphology change, biochemical method analysised serum liver enzymes.Real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction detected bcl2, bax mRNA expression levels.Objective: In this study, we aimed to observe the effects of exercise and embryonic stem cell transplantation on expression of bax and bcl-2 in a rat model of obstructive jaundice.Results: In HE stain, the obstructive jaundice group have big hepatocyte necrosis, liver cable was disorder, embryonic stem cell group have a handful of hepatocyte necrosis, however, embryonic stem cell combined exercise group have not see the obvious hepatocyte necrosis, serum levels examination showed embryonic stem cell group and embryonic stem cell combined exercise group the serum of AST, ALT and TBIL lower than obstructive jaundice group (P < 0.05);RT-PCR assay technique showed that bax mRNA expression level was significantly decreased in embryonic stem cell group and embryonic stem cell combined exercise group when compared to obstructive jaundice group (P < 0.01) , on the other hand, bcl-2 mRNA expression level was significantly increased in embryonic stem cell group and embryonic stem cell combined exercise group in comparison to obstructive jaundice group (P < 0.01).Conclusions Embryonic stem cell transplantation combined middle intensity aerobic exercise can significantly reduce liver damage caused by obstructive jaundice, its molecular mechanism maybe associated with inhibition of cell apoptosis pathway.