The incidence of Rheumatic.fever (RF) has declined dramatically in the West, but still accounts for a major percentage of cardiac debility in the developing countries.The prevalence of RHD varies considerably throughout the world.The highest reported prevalence rates of RHD occur in the indigenous populations in certain Pacific Islands, SubSaharan Africa, Australia and New Zealand with a comparatively lower prevalence in the Indian subcontinent, other parts of Asia including China, Mediterranean, Latin American and Caribbean regions.This disease is mainly due to poor socioeconomic status, overcrowding and lack of diagnostic/preventive/treatment facilities in these countries.