Vaccination is an important means to prevent and control infectious disease.Current vaccines of H5N1 are inactive virus, attenuated virus and split virus, among that split virus has the advantage of safety and thus obtain widespread application.However, split vaccines are too weak to stimulate enough immune response.Hence adjuvants are usually needed to help boosting immunity effect.On the other hand, for respiratory diseases like H5N1, pathogens invade human body through respiratory mucosa, thus intranasal immunization which simulates the natural infection process could be a more effective method to form a powerful mucosal barrier to resist re-infection at the first site.Neverthless, intranasal immunization is faced with two major drawbacks.One is the fast nasal mucociliary clearance, leading to the short antigen residence time in nasal cavity.The other is the tight junction between nasal epidermal cells resulting in the difficult antigen uptake by APCs.For this reason, intranasal immunization requires adjuvants as well.