In our previous study, menstrual-like changes in mouse were provoked through the pharmacologic withdrawal of progesterone with mifepristone following induction of decidualization.However, mouse is not a natural menstruation animal, and the menstruation model using extemal stimuli may not truly reflect the occurrence and development of the human menstrual process.Therefore, we established a model of menstruation based on human endometrial xenotransplantation.In this model, human endometrial tissues were transplanted subcutaneously into SCID mice that were ovarectomized and supplemented with estrogen and progestogen by silastic implants with a scheme imitating the endocrinological milieu of human menstrual cycle.Morphology, hormone levels, and expression of vimentin and cytokeratin markers were evaluated to confirm the menstrual-like changes in this model.