近百年来,资本主义世界经历了两次最大的金融危机和经济危机。它们在形成上的共同特点是与当时占主导地位的西方经济学的理论政策体系有密切关系。第一次是20世纪30年代的大危机,在那之前西方经济学占主导地位的是以马歇尔为代表的新古典经济学自由主义。这种自由主义理论认为,只要依靠自由的市场机制就可以使社会经济自动实现充分就业均衡,既无生产过剩,也无工人失业。 In the past century or so, the capitalist world has experienced two major financial crises and economic crises. Their common feature in formation is closely related to the theory and policy system of Western economics which was then dominant. The first was a major crisis of the 1930s, after Western economics dominates neoclassical economic liberalism represented by Marshall. This kind of liberal theory holds that as long as free market mechanisms are relied on, full employment equilibrium can be automatically achieved in the social economy with neither overproduction nor worker unemployment.