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Objective Activation of the Smad signaling pathway has been implicated in the pathological process of diabetic associated complications.The current study was designed to see whether Smad signaling was activated in the hippocampus of streptozotocin-induced diabetic cognitive impairment rats.Methods Diabetes was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin at a dose of 60 mg/kg body weight dissolved in citrate buffer.