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Objective To investigate the efficacy of Danhong injection (DH) combined with Adipose tissue-derived stem cells (ADSCs) transplantation on angiogenesis in diabetic hind limb ischemia model and involved mechanism.Methods Male nude mice were induced to diabetes by injection of streptozontocin intraperitoneal, which was verified by random blood glucose levels higher than 16mmol/L twice.After 2 weeks, hind limb ischemia model was established by ligation and excision of femoral artery.Forty 8-week-old nude mice were randomly divided into four groups: group Ⅰ (n=10): diabetic hind limb ischemia model; group Ⅱ (n=10): ADSCs (1 × 106cells, i.m.) transplantation; group Ⅲ (n=10): DH (2μL/g× 7days) i.p.; group Ⅳ (n=10): combination of DH and ADSCs transplantation.After 2 weeks, perfusions, vessel regeneration, and local VEGF expression of lower limbs among different groups were evaluated with LDPI, X-ray arterography, real-time PCR and ELISA respectively.And microvascular densities of lower limb muscle were investigated using immunocytochemichal staining of CD31.Results ADSCs transplantation or DH i.p.alone could significantly increase perfusion, promote the formation of collateral circulation, and enhance local VEGF expression after 2-week intervention compared with control group, without decreasing blood glucose and increasing systematic VEGF.While combination of DH and ADSCs transplantation could promote the protective effects induced by ADSCs transplantation alone, which was accomplished with increased sulfate hydrate levels and CES mRNA expression in local muscular tissue.Conclusion DH injection could promote the angiogenesis induced by ADSCs transplantation alone by further increasing perfusion, promoting the formation of collateral circulation, and enhancing local VEGF expression, which might be contributed by increased sulfate hydrate levels and CES mRNA expression in local muscular tissue.Such strategy could be a novel optional therapy against diabetic hind limb ischemia in clinic.