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目的对某地铁站公共场所初步设计进行卫生学评价。方法采用类比调查、卫生学调查、工程卫生分析、检查表法相结合的评价方法对该项目进行卫生学评价。结果类比地铁站站厅PM10、甲醛、噪声合格率分别为70%、90%、90%,站厅温湿度、风速、CO、CO2、细菌总数,空调风管细菌总数、真菌总数、β-溶血性链球菌和冷却水、冷凝水嗜肺军团菌的合格率均为100%,存在空调未安装空气净化消毒装置、新风管和回风管未能与机组连接等问题;该项目选址、建筑卫生学、公共区平面布置、空调通风排气设施、消声防震设施、给排水设施、辅助卫生设施及相关参数初步设计基本符合卫生学要求,但存在欠缺空调部分卫生设施、控制病媒生物与废弃物收集设施,未考虑电磁场防护设施和卫生管理与应急救援措施等设计缺陷。结论该项目主要卫生设施及参数初步设计基本符合标准和规范要求,消除或控制健康危害因素的公共卫生技术设计的基本原则是可行的,存在的设计缺陷应在下阶段设计完善。
Objective To evaluate the hygiene of preliminary design of public places in a subway station. Methods Hygienic evaluation of the project was carried out by using the methods of analogy investigation, hygiene investigation, engineering hygiene analysis and checklist method. Results The qualified rates of PM10, formaldehyde and noise were 70%, 90% and 90% respectively, the temperature and humidity of station, wind speed, CO, CO2, total bacteria, air duct bacteria, fungi, Streptococcus pneumoniae and cooling water, condensate water Legionella pneumophila qualified rate of 100%, there is air conditioning is not installed air purification and disinfection devices, fresh air duct and return duct failed to connect with the unit and other issues; the project site, Building hygiene, layout of public areas, air-conditioning ventilation and exhaust facilities, anti-vibration facilities, water supply and drainage facilities, ancillary sanitation facilities and related parameters of the preliminary design basically meet the hygiene requirements, but there is a lack of air-conditioning part of the health facilities, And waste collection facilities, design defects such as electromagnetic field protection facilities and health management and emergency rescue measures are not taken into account. Conclusion The preliminary design of the main sanitary facilities and parameters of the project basically meets the standards and norms. The basic principles of public health technology design that eliminate or control the health hazards are feasible. The existing design flaws should be designed and improved in the next stage.