National Parks keep the last remnants and hope ofAfrican wildlife including big mammal species. Despiteintensified anti-poaching activities, elephant and thinoceros are daily slaughtered for their priced ivory andhorns respectively. In response to this problem past and current researches tried to understand the reasons ofinefficiency of wildlife conservation in Africas national parks case studies, the literature study of theseresearch documents formed the basis of this study. A multitude of search engines was used to set up ametadata of 140 documents for review. Results show that in (42％) the blame should be put on war, weakand corrupt institutions and political instability around the continent. Lack of local community involvement(lg%), poverty (23%), existence ofblack market and insufficient use of modern technology and intelligencewere also raised (16%). With the continent expected to add more than a billion people by 2050 the survivalof these two species rely on the effective protection of small, isolated populations as we wait for improvedand more experienced institutions to reverse the current negative trend.