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Objective To compare the difference of brain iron deposition between Alzheimers disease(AD)patients and mild cognitive impairment(MCI)patients and control subjects through measuring thebrain iron content by applying SWI and evaluate the application value of SWI.To provide anoninvasive and valuable biological indicator for the early diagnosis of AD and MCI.Methods 24 AD patients and 22 MCI patients were collected from hospital.There are 14 men and10 women in the AD patients and 12 men and 10 women in the MCI patients.The age range ofAD patients is 64 to 83 years and average is 72.2.The age range of MCI patients is 61 to 86 yearsand average is 71.1.70 healthy volunteers were collected whose age is from 30 to 79.The averageage is 58.There are 35 men and 35 women in the volunteers.24 volunteers whose age are from 61to 79 were selected from them to match the group of patients.Conventional brain MR examinationwas performed in all people to exclude the possibility of cerebral infarction,hemorrhage,tumor,operation or trauma.SWI examination was performed and measure the phase values of red nucleus,substantia nigra,caudate nucleus head,globus pallidus,putamen,thalamus,hippocampus,temporal cortex on corrected phase SWI pictures.The control group was divided into 5 groups,each group gender was balance.To evaluate the cerebral significance of phase values differencebetween different ages with one-factor ANOVA.To analyse the correlation of SWI phase value ofeach part and age with Pearson method.To evaluate the significance of phase values differenceamong AD patients,MCI patients and control group with one-factor ANOVA and compare thedifference between every two groups with LSD method.Results ①Measured between different age groups of healthy volunteers,there were statisticallydifferences in red nucleus,substantia nigra,caudate nucleus head,globus pallidus,putamen,hippocampus,temporal cortex SWI phase values(P<0.01).There were no differences betweendifferent ages SWI phase values of the thalamus(P=0.612>0.05).Negative correlations weremeasured between SWI phase values and age in red nucleus(r=-0.384,P<0.01),substantianigra(r=-0.859,P<0.01),caudate nucleus head(r=-0.829,P<0.01),globus pallidus(r=-0.680,P<0.01),putamen(r=-0.582,P<0.01),hippocampus(r=-0.441,P<0.01),temporal cortex(r=-0.548,P<0.01).There was no correlation between the SWI phase value of thalamus and age(r=0.006,P=0.960>0.05).②There were statistically differences in red nucleus,substantia nigra,caudatenucleus head,globus pallidus,putamen,hippocampus,temporal cortex SWI phase values amongAD patients,MCI patients and control group(P<0.05),but no differences in thalamus(P=0.084>0.05).③There were statistically differences in red nucleus,substantia nigra,putamenSWI phase values between AD patients and MCI patients(P<0.05).There were statisticallydifferences in red nucleus,substantia nigra,caudate nucleus head,globus pallidus,putamen,hippocampus,temporal cortex SWI phase values between AD patients and control group(P<0.05).There were statistically differences in putamen,hippocampus,temporal cortex SWI phase valuesbetween MCI patients and control group(P<0.05).Conclusion SWI was a simple,safe and non-invasive method and had good repeatability and canquantitatively analyse the changes of brain iron deposition.The brain iron deposition of ADpatients,MCI patients and healthy volunteers could be distinguished by SWI.SWI may provide anew noninvasive dynamic monitoring method and valuable biological indicator for the earlydiagnosis of AD and MCI and the prevention of developing from MCI to AD.