A novel and efficient synthesis of 2-alkenylindole-3-carboxylates via the cascade reactions of N-nitrosoanilines[1,2] with propargyl alcohols is presented.Mechanistically,the formation of the title compounds is triggered by a Rh(Ⅲ)-catalyzed C(sp2)?H alkenylation of N-nitrosoaniline with propargyl alcohol followed by the simultaneous intramolecular amination/cyclization,NO extrusion,and dehydration.