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The immune mechanisms that cause liver damage in chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection are not completely understood.The presence of HBV-specific CD8+ T cells does not correlate with liver damage,and liver pathology is deemed to be largely caused by the non-HBV-specific immune cells including high amounts of bystander CD8+ and CD4+ T cells.Chronic HBV infections have been linked to autoimmune phenomena.Although autoantibodies are commonly detected in chronic HBV infection,autoreactive T-cell responses have not been characterized yet.