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Background In prior studies, models of inflammatory pain have been produced through injecting complete Freunds adjuvant (CFA) or capsaicin directly into either the deep somatic tissue or the plantar portion of animal hind paw.In contrast, bone cancer pain is simulated in animal by injecting tumor cells into the cavity of the femur or tibia.It has been reported that the same stimulus to various tissues types might result in differing patterns of pain response due to differences in afferent innervations.Aim The present study was designed to establish a rat model of inflammatory bone pain to better understand bone cancer pain.Method Our rat model of inflammatory bone pain was produced through intra-tibial injection of CFA.Differences in body weight, bone histology, mechanical allodynia and thermal hyperalgesia were evaluated.The effect of Celecoxib on inflammatory bone pain was also examined.Results Significant inflammation was seen in the bone marrow two days after intra-tibial CFA injection, including nuclear condensation and fragmentation, massive neutrophilic granulocytes, and prominent fibrinous exudates.Fourteen days after injection, marked fibrosis of the bone was detected by histological staining.After unilateral CFA injection, behavioral studies showed mechanical allodynia to von Frey hair stimulation, but no thermal hyperalgesia was observed.Celecoxib showed significant anti-allodynic effects on the inflammatory bone pain induced by our model.Conclusion CFA is an effective agent for inducing bone inflammation and subsequent pain-related behavior in rat models.The described rat model of inflammatory bone pain induced by CFA provides a practical and valuable contrast for bone cancer pain research.