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为了评价转基因棉品种(ZMSJ和ZMKCKC,分别表达Cry1Ac/Cry2Ab和Cry1Ac/EPSPS)的生态效应,本研究通过酶联免疫生测法(ELISA)和室内生物测定法,研究了Cry1Ac蛋白在转基因棉一棉蚜(Aphis gossypii)一龟纹瓢虫(Propylea japonica)食物链间的传递关系以及这两种转基因棉对龟纹瓢虫的生物学影响。主要研究结果如下:ELISA试验结果显示,转基因棉ZMSJ和ZMKCKC初展嫩叶中Cry1Ac蛋白的含量分别是99.9 ng/g鲜重和110.7ng/g鲜重,二者无显著性差异。在取食了转基因棉ZMSJ和ZMKCKC的棉蚜体内检测到了痕量的Cry1Ac蛋白,蛋白含量分别是3.0 ng/g鲜重和3.8 ng/g鲜重,二者无显著性差异。在对照棉Emian 24的初展嫩叶中没有检测到Cry1Ac蛋白,在取食了对照棉的棉蚜体内也没有检测到Cry1Ac蛋白。此研究结果表明,棉蚜在取食转基因棉后,Cry1Ac蛋白传递到了棉蚜体内。ELISA试验结果还显示,在取食了含有Cry1Ac蛋白的ZMSJ棉蚜后,龟纹瓢虫的成虫体内Cry1Ac蛋白的含量是6.3~18.7ng/g鲜重(5~20天);在取食了含有Cry1Ac蛋白的ZMKCKC棉蚜后,龟纹瓢虫的成虫体内Cry1Ac蛋白的含量是8.9~16.8ng/g鲜重(5~20天);而在取食了对照组的棉蚜后,龟纹瓢虫的成虫体内没有检测到Cry1Ac蛋白。此研究结果表明,龟纹瓢虫在取食棉蚜后,Cry1Ac蛋白传递到了龟纹瓢虫体内,并且Cry1Ac蛋白的含量随着龟纹瓢虫取食时间的延长而增加。室内生物测定结果显示,与对照组相比,取食了ZMSJ棉蚜和ZMKCKC棉蚜的龟纹瓢虫的死亡率和初羽化成虫的体重并未受到显著性影响(P>0.05)。取食了ZMSJ棉蚜和ZMKCKC棉蚜的龟纹瓢虫的幼虫和蛹的发育历期均有显著性的延长(P<0.001)。在产卵前期方面,与对照组相比,取食了ZMSJ棉蚜的龟纹瓢虫的产卵前期有显著性的延长(P<0.05),而取食了ZMKCKC棉蚜的龟纹瓢虫的产卵前期没有显著性的变化(P>0.05)。与对照组相比,取食了ZMSJ棉蚜和ZMKCKC棉蚜的龟纹瓢虫的产卵量并未受到显著性影响(P>0.05)。此研究结果表明,两种转基因棉对龟纹瓢虫的生长发育、存活以及繁殖没有不利影响。
In order to evaluate the ecological effects of transgenic cotton varieties (ZMSJ and ZMKCKC, Cry1Ac / Cry2Ab and Cry1Ac / EPSPS, respectively), we studied the effects of Cry1Ac on transgenic cotton Aphis gossypii-Propylea japonica and the biological effects of these two transgenic cottons on Propylaea japonica. The main results are as follows: The results of ELISA showed that the contents of Cry1Ac in the young leaves of transgenic cotton ZMSJ and ZMKCKC were 99.9 ng / g fresh weight and 110.7 ng / g fresh weight, respectively. There was no significant difference between them. Trace amounts of Cry1Ac protein were detected in cotton aphids fed on transgenic cotton ZMSJ and ZMKCKC, with the protein content of 3.0 ng / g fresh weight and 3.8 ng / g fresh weight, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two. No Cry1Ac protein was detected in the young cotton leaves of the control cotton Emian 24 and no Cry1Ac protein was detected in the cotton aphids fed the control cotton. The results of this study showed that Cry1Ac protein was transferred to the cotton aphid after aphid feeding on transgenic cotton. The results of ELISA also showed that the Cry1Ac protein content of adult female Propylaea japonica was 6.3 ~ 18.7ng / g fresh weight (5 ~ 20 days) after feeding on the ZMSJ cotton aphid containing Cry1Ac protein. The content of Cry1Ac protein in adults of Cryptomeria japonica was 8.9 ~ 16.8ng / g fresh weight (5 ~ 20 days) after the ZMKCKC cotton aphid Cry1Ac containing Cry1Ac protein. However, after feeding on the control group Aphis gossypii, Cry1Ac protein was not detectable in adult ladybugs. The results of this study showed that Cry1Ac protein was transmitted to the ladybugs after feeding on the ladybugs, and the content of Cry1Ac protein increased with the feeding time of the ladybugs. The indoor bioassay results showed that the mortality and initial body weight of the ladybugs infected by ZMSJ aphids and ZMKCKC aphids were not significantly affected (P> 0.05) compared with the control group. The developmental duration of larvae and pupae of Propylaea japonica fed on ZMSJ cotton aphid and ZMKCKC cotton aphid were significantly prolonged (P <0.001). In the pre-spawning period, Propylaea japonica fed on ZMSJ cotton aphid had a significantly longer spawning period (P <0.05) compared with the control group, while the feeding on ZMKCKC cotton aphid tortoise ladybug There was no significant change in pre-oviposition (P> 0.05). Compared with the control group, the fecundity of the ladybugs infected with ZMSJ aphids and ZMKCKC aphids was not significantly affected (P> 0.05). The results of this study show that the two transgenic cotton have no adverse effect on the growth, survival and reproduction of Propylaea japonica.