Cephalanthera falcata (Orchidaceae) has been decreased considerably in Japan.Consequently, development of techniques for propagation and cultivation of this orchid is required as well as to understand its mixotrophic feature.First, we attempted asymbiotic seedling propagation and its introduction into a natural habitat.Seed germination and the subsequent growth to shooting were achieved by cultivation for 13 months on a Hyponex agar medium, and the seedlings were planted in a natural stand of C.falcata.After four years, flowering was found in some of the planted seedlings, and colonization of ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi in Thelephoraceae and Russulaceae was found in two of them as well as one wild plant.