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民事习惯作为客观事实,具有普遍性、民族性、典型性以及客观性。现有民法典草案都赋予民事习惯补充性法源地位,但是相关规定还需进一步细化。民法典总则部分除概括性承认民事习惯的正式法源地位之外,还应该采取授权立法的方式,赋予地方人大对本区域民事习惯的立法认可权。这也就需要以地方人大为主体,认真组织地方民事习惯调查,出具民事习惯调查录,确认民事习惯的内容与形式,为司法机关援引民事习惯提供依据。新中国成立以来的第五次民法典编纂运动应该循序渐进,不应“跳跃式”立法,应该建立在对民事习惯系统考察的基础之上,实现民事习惯从事实到规范的转化。
As an objective fact, civil custom has universality, nationality, typicality and objectivity. The existing draft civil code endowed the legal status of a supplementary legal source of civil custom, but the relevant provisions still need to be further elaborated. In addition to the general recognition of the status of civil law as an official source of law, the general part of the Civil Code should also adopt the mode of empowering the legislature to empower local people’s congresses to legislate for the civil custom in the region. This also requires the local people’s congress as the main body, conscientiously organize local civil habits survey, issued a civil investigation of habits, confirm the content and form of civil practice, to provide the basis for the judicial organs to invoke civil habits. The fifth compilation of civil code since the founding of new China should be gradual and should not be based on the systematic investigation of civil habits, so as to realize the transformation of civil customs from practice to regulation.