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Carbon nanotubes (CNTs), graphene and their related nanocomposites have aroused widespread attention in multidisciplinary areas due to their outstanding properties.The surface of the carbon nanomaterials was modified by grafting with functional groups using plasma technique and the synthesized nanocomposites were applied to removal environmental pollutants from aqueous solutions.The results showed that the surface modified nanocomposites had high selective sorption capacity in the preconcentration of pollutants from aqueous solutions in environmental pollution cleanup.