Personalized medicine that combines the sensitive recognition/diagnosis and the controllable therapy into a single nano-platform has emerged as a promising alteration for current cancer treatment due to its unique advantages such as minimizing off-target toxicity,reducing multi-drug resistance,and improving the therapeutic index.Especially if the diagnostic outcomes can be real-time fed back to the therapeutic system to activate the targeting and controllable on-demand drug delivery,it would be a desirable platform for cancer treatment.