The fractional Pfaff variational problem and the fractional Noether theory are studied under the fractional model presented by El-Nabulsi. Firstly, the fractional action-like Pfaff variational problem is presented, the fractional action-like Pfaff-Birkhoff-d’Alembert principle is established, then the fractional action-like Birkhoff’s equations and the fractional action-like constraint Birkhoff’s equations are gained; secondly, the definitions and criteria of the fractional action-like Noether symmetric transformations are given, which are based on the invariance of fractional action-like Pfaff action under the infinitesimal transformations of group, then the inner relationships between fractional action-like Noether symmetry and the fractional conserved quantity are establisied; finally, two examples are given to illustrate the application of the results.