Fundus imaging is one of the most important techniques for detecting and diagnosing human diseases that influence the retina.Especially,the microscopic retinal imaging in vivo is a necessary method for ophthalmology research.But the aberration of the eye limits the resolution of the conventional fundus camera,scanning laser ophthalmoscopes (SLOs),and optical coherence tomography (OCT) systems.Their best lateral resolution is only 10 μm,which is far from the diffraction limit of 3 μm for a 6-mm pupil.In 1997,Liang etal.first obtained high-resolution retinal images through adaptive optics (AO).Subsequently AO was widely used for fundus imaging,not only equipped on fundus cameras,but also on SLO and OCT systems.AO enables the routine examination of single cells in the eye,and provides the opportunity to noninvasively monitor the progression of retinal disease,and the efficacy of therapies for disease at microscopic spatial scale.The fundus imaging AO systems used by most of the researchers are based on deformable mirrors.Apart from deformable mirrors,liquid crystal spatial light modulators (LC-SLMs) have also been used in AO for retinal imaging.With the phase-wrapping method,some commercial LC-SLMs can compensate larger aberration compared with deformable mirrors,which is meaningful to extending the scope of AO imaging application.As the wavefront corrector,the LC-SLM has a series of attractive characteristics such as compactness,high density,low cost,low drive voltage,and the possibility of batch production.