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Bovine anaplasmosis,caused by Anaplasma marginale,is a globally prevalent virulent hemoparasitic disease of ruminants.In South Africa it is endemic in most of the cattle-farming areas.A.marginale subsp.centrale(also known as A.centrale)causes a milder form of anaplasmosis in cattle and has been used as a vaccine in many parts of the world.However,this vaccine has major drawbacks and therefore a safer and more effective vaccine is required.In order to examine A.marginale candidate genes for the development of an efficient recombinant vaccine,a bank of A.marginale positive field samples must first be established.There are many strains ofA.marginale in South African cattle;it is therefore essential to make use of an assay that is able to detect all strains.The aim of this study was to evaluate three molecular assays in detecting A.narginale and A.centrale in cattle in South Africa.