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Objective To explore the risk factors, early diagnostic criteria and preventive measures of metabolic bone disease of prematurity (MBDP).Methods Aretrospective analysis was conducted in 15 cases with the MBDP (observation group) in our hospital from July 2012 to March 2014.Their serum alkaline phosphatase (ALKP), serum calcium (Ga) and serum phosphonium (P) at 4 weeks after birth were compared with those of the 30 cases of the full term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) with the same day-age (control group).