Management of exotic or native rodents at a landscape scale is complex and time-consuming.Current conventional techniques,such as poisoning,are not species specific,with some approaches becoming increasingly unacceptable to the general public.Fertility control was proposed as a potential tool for vertebrate pest management more than 3 decades ago.Since then the approach has gained public acceptance because it is perceived as a more species specific and humane approach.However,so far,no fertility control products have been developed which can be readily delivered to pest populations,especially rodents,at a landscape scale.An ideal fertility control agent needs to induce permanent sterility,be easily delivered to reach an appropriate proportion of the target population,be species specific with minimal side-effects (behavioural or social structure changes) ,and be environmentally benign and cost effective.Reproductive targets for fertility control include disrupting either the hormonal feedback associated with the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis,the function of the gonads,fertilisation,and/or implantation.Later stages of pregnancy and lactation could also be targeted but these raise animal welfare concerns.In this talk I will review progress in the oral delivery of various agents that have been demonstrated in laboratory studies to adversely affect the fertility of females and/or males – progress with the development and/or use of synthetic steroids,plant chemicals,ovarian specific peptides,and immunocontraceptive vaccines will be considered.However,considerably more needs to be done to deliver fertility control efficiently and cost effectively at a population level.