Electronic waste has causedaserious pollution problem.Understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the bacterial adaption to electronic-waste contaminated environmentcontributetoin-situ bioremediation.However,little is known about this now.Sphingobium hydrophobicum C1 was previously isolated from electronic-waste contaminated sediment in Guiyu China,and verified to possess favorable phenotypes for adapting to its habitat such as cell surface hydrophobicity,phthalate esters-degrading ability and heavy metal resistance.We sequenced and analyzed the genome of stain C1,and compared it with other 18 Sphingobium representatives to further elucidate the genetic advantages.The C1 genome comprises two chromosomes and five plasmids,and plasmid-like Chromosome 2,plasmids and the genomic islands on Chromosome l carry many genes for environmental adaption.The abundant mobile genetic elements (e.g.,5 plasmids,10 prophages,26 genomic islands and 91 insertion sequences),massive candidate HGT-derived genes and several homologous regions among replicons indicate that strain C1 has undergone high-frequency HGT and rearrangement for adaption to the electronic-waste contaminated sediment.The extensive and exclusive genesfor xenobiotics degradation,toxic pollutant resistance,cell surface hydrophobicity and two-component regulatory systemsprovidesurvival advantages,and the location,organization and homology of some related genes indicate that they may be acquired via horizontal gene transfer.Strain C1 may serve as a favorable-gene provider to promote adaptive evolution of other strains in the complexly contaminated environment.This study provides valuable insights into the bacterial adaptive mechanisms of the electronic-waste contaminated sediment and lays the foundation for in-situ bioremediation.