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Drying is a quite useful technique for enabling long-term storage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM).However, unsuitable drying method can reduce the chemical quality of the products.In the present study, an ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with a triple quadrupole mass method has been established for the simultaneous determination of the 10 salvianolic acids and 6 tanshinones in Salvia miltiorrhiza Radix and Rhizoma (DS).And the established method was applied to evaluating the effect of different drying methods on the quality of DS.DS slices and whole roots were dried by shade, sun light, hot air, microwave vacuum and infrared ray with different temperature as well as the fresh DS samples were determined and compared in order to screen the appropriate drying method for DS.The results showed that DS slices and whole roots dried in different methods kept the similar chemical compositions to that of fresh DS, while salvianolic acids and tanshinones increased after dried compared with fresh DS.It was discovered that the temperature is closely related to the contents of salvianolic acids, especially rosmarinic acid and salvianolic acid B, which respectively reduced along with the temperature changing from 40 ℃ to 70 ℃.However, the temperature has no significant effect on the changes of tanshinones.In addition, the differences of drying methods and pretreatment methods also have effect on the quality of DS, even if at the same temperature.Furthermore, the TOPSIS comprehensive method was applied to evaluate the quality of DS dried with different methods.The results of TOPSIS showed that the contents of bioactive components in whole roots and slices with the infrared drying at 50 ℃ were the highest, and the slices dried with hot air at 50 ℃ followed.The DS dried in slices kept higher contents of the bioactive components, which provided a reference for the feasibility of cutting process of DS.Comprehensively considering of the shape of DS, drying efficiency and the contents of bioactive components, the hot-air drying and infrared drying at low temperature are the considerable drying method for DS.These data would be provided a reference for choosing a suitable drying method and establishing a standard of DS.