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Estimates on the number of prokaryotic cells on the planet Earth is somewhere around 5 x 1030.Of these, more than about 85% are assumed to thrive in aquatic and terrestrial subsurface regions.Estimates on the number of species are naturally much lower, ranging between 6 x 105 and 107 for fungi and between 106 and 109 for prokaryotes.In contrast, the number of named species is low, around 10.000 for prokaryotes and they range between 45.000-300.000 for fungi.Improved isolation strategies will be applied to isolate a much higher fraction of these resources than seen up to date.