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Introduction:Mechanical bowel preparation (MBP) for patients undergoingcystectomy and ilealurinary diversion remains controvertial.Materials and Methods: We performed a meta-analysis of all available randomized controlled trials and cohort studiescomparing postoperative complications after urinary diversion with and without MBP.A literature search was performed inelectronic database including Cochrane Library, EMBASEand MEDLINE.Relativerisk reductions and their 95% confidence intervals were calculated for categoricaloutcomes.Results: Sixstudies including 524 patients(303 with MBP and 221 without) were included in the meta-analysis.There was no significant difference between MBP and no MBP group concerning wound infection (RR 0.85;95% CI 0.44-1.68, P=0.65);anastomotic leakage (RR 1.02;95% CI 0.35-2.97, P=0.97);ileus (RR 1.56;95% CI 0.74-3.29, P=0.24) and mortality (RR 0.62;95% CI 0.23-1.72, P=0.36).Conclusions: The current evidence on benefits and risks of MBP before cystectomy and ilealurinary diversion surgery is inconclusive.Adequately powered randomized controlled trialsare needed to confirmthe benefits and risks of MBP before ilealurinary diversion.