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Apelin is a cardiovascular peptide with multiple functions regulating homeostasis of the circulatory system and is the endogenous ligand of angiotensin receptor AT1 (APJ).The role of apelin/APJ system in vascular calcification (VC) was investigated.Male SD rats (200±10 g) were used.A rat aorta VC model was induced by vitamin D3 plus nicotine (VDN) in vivo,and cultured vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) calcification of rat thoracic aortic arteries was induced in vitro by beta-glycerophosphate.