The rice cyst nematode (Heterodera elachista) is an important pest in hilly rice fields of Hunan Province, China, and has been previously identified from rice fields in Japan and Iran.H.elachista can decrease yield by 7-19％, and has the most severe impact during the later stages of plant growth.Biological characteristics of Heterodera elachista were investigated by using artificial inoculations with second-stage juveniles in laboratory and periodical sampling in rice field.