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Elongation factor 4 (EF4) is a highly conserved protein found in nearly all known genomes.We found that EF4 can trigger back-translocation of the elongating rlbosome,causing the translation machinery to move one codon backwards along the mRNA1.Our recent study revealed that EF4 possesses peptidyl-prolyl cis-tmns isomerase (PPIase) 2 and molecular chaperone activities3.However,the physiological role of EF4 in metazoa has not been reported yet.Here,we study the function of EF4 in several model organisms and found its central role in maintaining functional oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) complexes.