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2003年以来,中国“市场煤”——“计划电”的体制冲突导致煤电之间激烈的利益冲突。煤电价格联动政策是在煤炭价格急剧上涨、电力市场化改革不到位的情况下,采取的一种价格调整应急措施,对缓解电力企业因为煤炭价格高涨而导致的经营困境发挥了积极作用。然而,煤电价格联动问题背后的利益冲突错综复杂,实施中也暴露出很多缺陷。在短期内煤电管理体制不能发生根本性变革的背景下,完善煤电联动政策,协调煤电企业双方利益,是急需政府解决的重要问题。本文首先分析了中国电力与电煤市场运行状况;总结了煤电联动政策的实施历程,并分别从全国火电行业和国电铜陵发电公司层面,分析了历次煤电价格联动政策的实施效果。在此基础上,本文分析了现行煤电价格联动政策存在的联动幅度确定随意性较大、联动的计算周期跨度过长等主要缺陷,并进而提出了调整价格联动幅度、适当缩短联动周期等政策建议。
Since 2003, the institutional conflict in China’s “market coal” - “planned electricity” has led to fierce conflicts of interest between coal and electricity. Coal price linkage policy is a sharp adjustment in coal prices, electricity market reform is not in place, to take a price adjustment emergency measures to ease the power companies because of high coal prices caused by operational difficulties played a positive role. However, the conflicts of interest behind the linkage between coal and electricity prices are complex and many shortcomings are exposed during implementation. Under the background that coal-fired power management system can not be fundamentally changed in the short term, improving coal linkage policies and coordinating the interests of both coal-fired power companies is an urgent and urgent issue for the government to solve. This paper first analyzes the operation of China’s electricity and coal markets, summarizes the implementation of the coal linkage policy, and analyzes the implementation effects of previous coal price linkage policies from the perspective of the national thermal power industry and the Guodian Tongling Power Generation Company. On this basis, this paper analyzes the main shortcomings of the current coal price linkage policy, such as the arbitrariness of determination of the linkage range, the long span of the linkage calculation cycle, and the further adjustment of the price linkage and the appropriate reduction of the linkage cycle Suggest.