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Background: For patients with locally advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (LA-NSCLC), the role of consolidation chemotherapy (CCT) following concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CRT) is partially defined.The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of CCT.Methogds;The characteristics of LA-NSCLC patients treated with Curative concurrent CRT from 2001 to 2010 were retrospectively reviewed.Results: Among 203 patients, 113 (55.7 %) patients received CCT.The median number of delivered CCT was 3 and 89.4 % patients completed >2 cycles.The OS was significantly better for patients in the CCT group compared with that in the non-CCT group (median OS, 27 months vs.16 months;5-year OS, 30.4 % vs.22.5 %;p =0.012).The median PFS were 12 months in the CCT group and 9 months in the non-CCT group (p =0.291).The survival advantages of CCT were significant for males (HR: 0.63;95 % CT, 0.44-0.90), patients with age < 60 years (HR: 0.63;95 % CI, 0.42-0.95),non-squamous histology (HR: 0.44;95 % CI, 0.25-0.76), pretreatment KPS > 80 (HR: 0.67;95 % CI, 0.48-0.93), stage Ⅲb (HR: 0.64;95 % CI, 0.43-0.95), stable disease (HR: 0.31;95 % CI, 0.14-0.65) and radiotherapy dose >-60 Gy (HR: 0.69;95 % CI, 0.48-1.00).There was no significant difference between the CCT group and the non-CCT group regarding treatment-related toxicities.Conlusions;CCT might further prolong survival compared with CRT alone for LA-NSCLC without increasing treatmentrelated toxicities, especially for males, patients with age < 60 years, non-squamous histology, pretreatment KPS > 80,stage lⅢb, stable disease and radiotherapy dose > 60 Gy.Large size prospective investigations that incorporate patient characteristics and treatment response are warranted to validate our findings.