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The treatment outcome of pediatricacute myeloid leukemia(AML)has progressively improved in many developed countries,with the event-free survival(EFS)and overall survival(OS)nowaround55％and65％.However the treatment result is still unsatisfactory in many developing countries.The improvement of outcome is due to increased intensity of chemotherapyand enhancement of supportive care.The intensive chemotherapy isassociated with more complicationsand treatment-related mortality.