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The purpose of this study was to start up the thermophilic anaerobic digestion from a mesophilic digester and compare the removal performance of tetracycline resistance genes in sewage sludge by mesophilic and thermophilic digestion.Stable thennophilic anaerobic digestion was achieved within 20 days from a mesophilic digester treating sewage sludge by adopting the one-step startup strategy.After the increase of temperature,thermophilic methanogenic community was established within 11 days,which was characterized by the fast colonization ofMethanosarcina thermophila and two hydrogenotrophic methanogens (Methanothermobacter spp.and Methanoculleus spp.).As for the control of tetracycline resistance genes,compared to mesophilic digestion,thermophilic digestion showed better capacities in the reduction of tet(A),tet(C),tet(G),tet(L),tet(O),tet(M)and tet(X)genes.Therefore,thennophilic anaerobic digestion is a more reliable technology than the mesophilic one for eliminating tetracycline resistance genes in sewage sludge.