Molecular diagnostics are ideal approaches for the screening and early detection of cancer,which is the key to fighting cancer.Human saliva is such a molecular diagnostic body fluid in our oral cavity with the merits of non-invasive collection and easy sample processing.It has emerged as a novel molecular diagnostics medium and has attracted broad attention.Human saliva carries a large array of proteins and nuclear acids,many of which have been proven to be informative for different diseases.With the development in analytical biotechnologies,proteomic and transcriptomic biomarkers could be collectively developed for the molecular diagnostics of cancer.Proteomic technologies,like two dimensional difference gel electrophoresis and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry,have enabled the quantitative characterization of salivary proteome.The catalogue of saliva proteins has kept increasing and potential biomarkers have been discovered and validated for the detection of oral cancer,lung cancer1 and breast cancer2.The proteome in saliva microvesicles has been analyzed,which indicates that microvesicles might be a new strength for salivary diagnostics3.Salivary messenger RNAs were analyzed by high throughput gene microarray and interesting mRNA biomarkers have been verified through qPCR for the detection of lung cancer4 and pancreatic cancer5.These discovered and confirmed salivary biomarkers have the potential to be used for the molecular diagnostics of cancers.A saliva test could be easily conducted in the clinic and would have the potential to detect disease at an earlier time point,when the likelihood of curative therapy would be greater.