In this paper,firstly,we employ social capital theory to analyze the characteristics and laws of JING TIAN ZHI(an ancient land institution)with focuses on the evolution of agricultural production organization,land tenure,status of labors,land tax and the form of land rent during the Evolution of JING TIAN ZHI.Secondly,we examine the driving mechanism of the evolution of JING TIAN ZHI from the perspectives of macroscopical social structure,madhyamika social network and relationship and microcosmic actors interaction.The conclusions imply during the evolution of JING TIAN ZHI the evolution of agricultural production organization,the change of the status of labors and generalizing social interaction significantly widespread farmerss social relational network and the connotation of social capital; The social actors lateral and longitudinal interaction ultimately lead to the evolution of social structure and the differentiation and integration of social stratum.Finally,based on reviewing the existing research achievements in the field of farmland institution and concluding the laws of the evolution of JING TIAN ZHI,we propose some relevant political recommendations for production organization,land property rights,farmland transfer and non-agricultural employment and the rural-urban relationship and et al.