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Objective To study the feasibility of improved posterior percutaneous transpedicular screw instrumentation in treating the single level thoracolumbar and lumbar fractures.Methods 25 patients with single level of thoracolumbar or lumbar fracture without nerve damage were operated with the improved posterior percutaneous transpedicular screw instrumentation from Mar.2002 to Mar.2003and 30 patients were operated with the traditional posterior percutaneous transpedicular screw instrumentation at the same time.Results There were significant increase in postoperative vertebral Cobbs angle(P<0.01) and significant decrease in postoperative VAS scale (P<0.05).As far as the volume of injectable graft ,the postoperative vertebral Cobbs angle and VAS scale were concerned, there was no significant difference between two groups(P>0.05), but the operative time, frequency of X-ray and volume of blood in improved group were less than the other group significantly(P<0.01).Conclusion The Improved posterior percutaneous transpedicular screw instrumentation is one of efficient method to treat single level of thoracolumbar fractures,which has some advantages including fewer operative time, less blood lose and less frequency of X-ray.