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Introduction T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia (T-ALL) is an aggressive hematologic malignancy accounting for 15% of pediatric and 25% of adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) cases.With current chemotherapies and transplantation therapy, there are still 25-50% T-ALL patients that suffer from relapse and have a poor outcome.MicroRNAs (miRNAs or miRs) are endogenous, small non-coding RNAs (containing about 22 nucleotides in length).miRs function at posttranscriptional level as negative regulators of gene expression and exert their regulatory function through binding to target mRNAs and silencing gene expression.To better understand the pathogenesis and develop the new therapeutic targets of T-ALL, we have developed a Pten tumor suppressor knockout T-ALL mouse model and profiled miRs from the mouse Pten deficient T-ALL.miR-26b was one of the miRs that were found down-regulated in the mouse Pten deficient T-ALL.Recent studies showed that the aberrant expression of rniR-26b is implicated in several types of cancer.The expression level of miR-26b and its role of in T-ALL, however, is unknown.We investigated if the expression level of miR-26b is aberrant in T-ALL and the effect of potentially altered expression on the growth of human T-ALL cells.