重症监护病房医院感染菌分布与耐药性分析

来源 :第六届中国临床微生物学大会暨微生物学与免疫学论坛 | 被引量 : 0次 | 上传用户:tian314714
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  目的 了解我院重症监护病房(ICU)病原菌的分布特点及耐药性,为临床治疗提供理论依据.方法 对2003年1月-2010年12月ICU患者送检的标本进行培养,用API鉴定系统或VITEK 2 Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪进行菌种鉴定及药敏分析,对检出菌株的构成、标本的分布及药敏结果进行分析.结果 共分离出4197株病原菌,其中革兰阴性杆菌52.1%、革兰阳性球菌22.3%、真菌25.6%;革兰阴性杆菌中非发酵菌占主要地位(37.5%),以鲍蔓不动杆菌为主(13.1%);而肠杆菌科细菌则以肺炎克雷伯菌(9.5%)及大肠埃希菌(5.1%)为主;革兰阳性球菌以金黄色葡萄球菌(14.6%)为主,真菌以白色假丝酵母菌(11.8%)为主;在检出所有病原菌的标本中,前3位依次为痰(79.1%)、血液(8.4%)、无菌体液(8.1%);细菌耐药性结果表明,大肠埃希菌及肺炎克雷伯菌产超广谱β-内酰胺酶(ESBLs)阳性率分别为66.4%、56.3%.几种主要病原菌对各类抗菌药物的耐药程度各不相同,但大部分菌株均呈现多药耐药的现象.产酶菌的耐药率普遍高于非产酶菌,哌拉西林/他唑巴坦对产酶菌及非产酶菌的抑菌效果都很明显;美罗培南、亚胺培南和头孢替坦对肠杆菌科细菌耐药率最低均在40%以下,尤其是可作为产酶菌的首选药;鲍曼不动杆菌耐药性严重耐药率均在50%以上.耐甲氧西林葡萄球菌(MRS)检出率为70.1%,其中耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌(MRSA) 75.8%,耐甲氧西林凝固酶阴性葡萄球菌(MRCNS) 38.7%.万古霉素、替考拉宁和利奈唑烷可作为革兰阳性球菌严重感染的首选药物.结论 ICU患者以呼吸道感染为主,病原菌以鲍蔓不动杆菌和金黄色葡萄球菌为主,且多为多药耐药菌.真菌感染率增加且真菌对药物的敏感性好.应动态监测ICU病原菌的流行和耐药情况,从而控制感染,减少耐药菌株的产生.
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