Objective:To observe the effect of Jianyanling capsule(JYLC)on oligospermia caused by cyclophosphamide in male rats.Methods:Forty SD rats were randomly divided into four groups: normal group,JYLC(0.8,1.6,3.2g/kg).The drugs were given by intragastric administration in treatment groups for 30 days.Then the rats were executed by taking off the cervical vertebra and the right epididymis of the rats were taken for the detection of sperm vitality.The histopathological changes of testis and epididymis were observed by HE staining.Fifty SD rats were randomly divided into five groups: normal group,the model group and JYLC(0.8,1.6,3.2g/kg).The oligospermia model was made by injecting with the cyclophosphamide 0.3mg/kg/d for 5 days.Five days later,the drugs were given by intragastric administration for 30 days.Then the rats were executed by taking off the cervical vertebra and the right epididymis of the rats were taken for the detection of sperm vitality.The histopathological changes of testis and epididymis were observed by HE staining.Results: JYLC(1.6 g/kg)promoted the velocity of sperm,and increased the amount of sperm significantly as well as increased the concentration of sperm.Histological detection showed JYLC(0.8 g/kg,1.6 g/kg,3.2 g/kg)had no obvious effect on the testicular tissue and epididymis tissue of the normal male rats.Rats administrated JYLC(1.6 g/kg,3.2 g/kg)after cyclophosphamide injection significantly promoted the velocity of sperm and increased the amount of sperm.Histological dectection indicated that rats with cyclophosphamide injection,showed that the arrangement of spermatogenic cells in seminiferous tubule disorder slightly; the amount of sperm in epididymal duct decreased slightly and the score of histological as following: the model group was 0.7; the JYLC(0.8 g/kg)group was 0.28; the JYLC(1.6 g/kg)group was 0.25 while the JYLC(3.2 g/kg)group was 0.11.Conclusion: JYLC has some certain enhancing effect on velocity and density of sperm in normal rats; JYLC could improve the decrease of sperm motion and the depletion in sperm number cause by cyclophosphamide; JYLC could improve the pathologic change caused by cyclophosphamide.