Aim: Inflammation and vascular perturbations are increasingly implicated in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases.Prevailing evidence suggests that the antiepileptic and mood stabilizer, valproic acid (VPA), exhibits antiinflammatory, neuro-protective and axon remodeling effects in neurodegenerative diseases.However, the underlying mechanism contributing to the suppression of inflammatory responses by VPA remains to be fully defined.