At present,the effect of poverty-alleviation policies for the rural areas in western underdeveloped region is weakening.The key reason is that appropriate poverty alleviation policies are not adopted according to different poverty-resulting factors.In fact,all poverty-resulting factors can be classified into two categories:intergenerational transmission of poverty and poverty trap.Profoundly comparing and analyzing the differences and similarities of these two categories,this paper clarifies that the poverty-resulting mechanism is far-reaching and strong policy implication for making rational anti-poverty strategy solve the long-term poverty issue in the underdeveloped rural areas.