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Recently we have developed HIV-1 plasmid DNA vaccine formulations containing plasmid DNA,a non-ionic triblock copolymer adjuvant (CRL1005) that forms particles upon warming above its phase transition temperature (~6-8℃),and cationic surfactant benzalkonium chloride (BAK).Immunogenicity results from Rhesus monkey study indicate that the addition of CRL1005 to HIV-1 gag plasmid DNA formulated in PBS led to an enhancement in the gag-specific cellular immune response.Moreover,the addition of BAK to HIV-1 gag plasmid DNA/CRL1005 formulation produced an additional enhancement in gag-specific cellular immunity.