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Background: Ring chromosomes are often associated with spermatogenetic failure.However, the mechanism is poorly understood.We here reported a single man with severe oligospermia and a ring chromosome 4 with a microdeletion at 4p16.3.Methods: Synapsis (asSCP3), recombination (as MLH1)and transcriptional inactivation (as BRCA1) in a testicular biopsy were examined by fluorescence immunostaining.